Forensic and Clinical Applications of Solid Phase Extraction

Solid phase extraction (SPE) has become a powerful and extensively used technique in the clean up and concentration of samples for analysis in a wide variety of analytical techniques. In Forensic and Clinical Applications of Solid Phase Extraction, hands-on experts explain the principles behind SPE and provide a host of readily reproducible protocols designed to allow the reader to master his or her extraction challenges with little or no additional help. These detailed methods are particularly suited to solving extraction problems in forensic and clinical chemistry and include readily understandable explanations of such complicated ideas as the principles of pH, ion exchange, and copolymeric mechanism-enhanced SPE. Numerous actual chromatograms, based on original research and from diverse applications, demonstrate the technique and the results that can be achieved. The applications are grouped by drug types and matrices. Extensive appendices allow fast access to frequently needed information on reagents, the preparation of solutions and buffers, milliequivalent and millimode calculations, buffers and pKa for SPE, and a complete RapidTrace® technical manual. Each proven protocol is described in step-by-step detail and contains an introduction outlining the principle behind the technique, lists of equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. §State-of-the-art and highly practical, Forensic and Clinical Applications of Solid Phase Extraction is a complete laboratory reference manual that will give forensic and clinical chemists at any level of expertise the ability to make clean extractions with high recoveries and effectively enhance their analytical problem-solving skills.This complete laboratory reference manual explains the principles behind solid phase extraction (SPE) and provides readily reproducible protocols for solving extraction problems in forensic and clinical chemistry. Numerous actual chromatograms, based on original research and diverse applications, demonstrate the technique and the results that can be achieved. Extensive appendices allow fast access to frequently needed information on reagents, the preparation of solutions and buffers, milliequivalent and millimode calculations, buffers and pKa for SPE, and a complete RapidTrace® technical manual. Each proven protocol is described in step-by-step detail and contains an introduction outlining the principle behind the technique, lists of equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and on avoiding known pitfalls.