Journalistic production is both an art and a science.

In describing this era as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, as described by communication experts, most notably the British researcher and communication expert Anthony Smith, this revolution is characterized by the use of computer technology in the media field. The last quarter-century has witnessed developments in the audio-visual and print media industries, with the integration of modern technology. The press industry, in particular, has been affected by computers, a relatively new arrival in Egypt. Computers have permeated all aspects of journalistic production due to their significant capabilities in this area. Newspaper layout is among the processes that have benefited most from this new technology. The 1990s saw a further shift in the fully automated production process of Egyptian newspapers, with the introduction of modern technology in most stages, from delivering journalistic materials to the newspaper offices, through text editing and the overall layout process, to preparing pages on computer screens. This technological development was accompanied by an evolution in the concept and function of newspaper layout. It is no longer merely an artistic "e;form,"e; but has become an aesthetic and functional process linked to several important functions, most notably typographic readability and its connection to the concepts of "e;ease of use."e; Reading, legibility, graphic readability, and its relation to images and graphics.